![]() ![]() Slash commands allow you to manage your rules from inside Mattermost. Channel identifiers look like #town-square or Test on one of the channels to check everything’s working. Setup some “Rules” for your channels, according to the discourse-chat-integration instructions. ![]() Paste the URL you copied into the chat_integration_mattermost_webhook_url site settingĮnable chat_integration_mattermost_enabled Wickr in 2022 by cost, reviews, features, integrations. Login to your team, click your name in the top left, then click IntegrationsĬhoose Incoming Webhooks, Add incoming WebhookĮnter a “Display Name”, “Description”, and choose a random channel from the list (it doesn’t matter which one, Discourse will override this)Ĭopy the URL provided, you’ll need it later Whats the difference between Mattermost, Session, and Wickr Compare Mattermost vs. Enable Custom Slash Commands (if you want slash commands) Use bot accounts to integrate with Mattermost through plugins or the Mattermost RESTful API.Enable integrations to override profile picture icons.Enable integrations to override usernames.In your Mattermost System Console, under Custom Integrations, check that these settings are enabled: It is recommended that you use HTTPS, but HTTP should also work. Your Mattermost server needs to be accessible from your Discourse server in order to connect them. The Mattermost team has over 50 zaps integrated on our Community Contributors team used for internal communication and interacting with contributors. If you haven’t already, install the discourse-chat-integration plugin Notifications Set up Mattermost Mattermost is a collaboration solution that makes it easy for software development teams to rapidly create and ship software, as a team. From the Main menu of your Mattermost installation, select Integrations and click on the Bot accounts block. Connect customers to MS Teams, Webex Teams, Google Chat, Spark, Mattermost. ![]() This # howto describes how to setup the Mattermost provider included in discourse-chat-integration. This guide will provide instructions on setting up a media type, a user and an action in Zabbix. Develop and write necessary code to integrate Cisco UCCE with other APIs. ![]()
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![]() ![]() If you have been diagnosed with MCI and your doctor has suggested brain exercises, Brain Gym is here to help. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution. Meditating or tai chi may increase the brains. The entire series will take less than two minutes so it’s easy to plug into your schedule. Download this image for free in High-Definition resolution the choice 'download button' below. Can an exercise routine really help keep your mental muscles in good shape brain workout yoga mindfulness. The brain break exercises can be done before a test or before any important learning activity. Complex decision-making - May struggle, but can complete complex tasks such as paying bills, taking medications, shopping, cooking, household cleaning, driving. brain gym exercises free 26 movements is important information accompanied by photo and HD pictures sourced from all websites in the world.Reasoning and judgment - Struggles with planning and problem solving. ![]() ![]() Explore the latest videos from hashtags: gymexercises. Has difficulty understanding written or verbal (spoken to) information. brain gym exercises 46.2M views Discover short videos related to brain gym exercises on TikTok. If you do games and puzzles because you enjoy them, then certainly continue. Language problems - Has trouble coming up with the desired words. For now, the evidence for specific brain training programmes remains inconclusive. Start brain training with our online brain games and improve your memory, math, concentration and. 9 Effective Exercises for Your Brain 10 BRAIN BOOSTING EXERCISES with hands 9 Brain Exercises to Strengthen Your 10 Brain Gym Exercises Rezime Top 10.Memory loss - Forgets recent events, repeats the same questions and the same stories, forgets the names of close friends and family members, forgets appointments or planned events, forgets conversations, misplaces items often.The minor decline in abilities is noticeable by the person experiencing them or by others who interact with the person, but the changes are not severe enough to interfere with normal daily life and activities.Įxamples of memory and thinking problems that might be seen in someone with mild cognitive impairment include: Mild cognitive impairment is a condition in which a person experiences a slight – but noticeable – decline in mental abilities (memory and thinking skills) compared with others of the same age. ![]() ![]() ![]() Check with manufacturer for recommendations, if not marked. Do not wash plastic items unless marked: “Dishwasher Safe” or equivalent.If the dishwasher drains into a food disposer, make sure disposer is completely empty before running dishwasher. ![]() Store dishwasher detergent and rinse agents out of the reach of children.Use only detergents and rinse agents recommended for use in a dishwasher.To reduce the risk of injury, do not allow children to play in or on the dishwasher.Do not let children abuse, sit, stand or play on door or racks of a dishwasher.Keep young children and infants away from dishwasher when it is operating.Do not operate dishwasher unless all enclosure panels are in their proper place.Use a 20 ampere fuse if dishwasher is connected with a food disposer. Use a circuit equipped with a 15 ampere fuse or circuit breaker. This dishwasher is designed to operate on regular house current (120V, 60Hz).Read the Installation Instructions for details. This appliance must be connected to a ground metal, permanent wiring system, or an equipment-grounding conductor must be run with the circuit conductors and connected to the equipment-grounding terminal or lead on this appliance. DISHWASHER MUST BE ELECTRICALLY GROUNDED.NSF certified residential dishwashers are not intended for licensed food establishments.Use common sense and caution when installing, operating and maintaining any appliance. This Manual does not cover every possible condition and situation that may occur.Use your dishwasher only as instructed in this Use and Care Manual.When using your dishwasher, follow basic precautions, including the following: For your Safety ![]() ![]() IHeartMedia is the exclusive podcast partner of Pushkin Industries. Check out Cosy Thunderstorm For Sleeping by Thunderstorms and Thunder Storms & Rain Sounds on Amazon Music. ![]() ![]() Monsoon storm producing a forked lightning Thunder is the sound caused by a. To hear all of season 3 early, ad-free, subscribe to Pushkin+ in Apple Podcasts or at pushkin.fm/plus. Thunder, lighting, and rain symbolize terror and darkness and it has been. Season one, The Drug Wars, tells the story of an FBI agent who goes undercover with a biker gang, and follows a trail of clues that eventually leads to the US invasion of a foreign country.ĭeep Cover drops on Mondays. The next step is adding sounds for aircraft battles. Season two, Mob Land, is about a high-rolling lawyer who joins forces with the feds to try to bring down one of the most powerful criminal syndicates in the country. The time has come I present you a new version of the sound mod Fury Thunder sound mod. Seven years later, their stories collided when a small town detective got a tip and became convinced that if he could solve one mystery, he'd solve the other. Season three, Never Seen Again, tells the story of two women, living on opposite sides of the country, who went missing in the summer of 1999. 110,856,582 views 361K Dislike Share Sleep & Relaxation 322K subscribers Let the relaxing nature sounds of THUNDER and RAIN take you into a state of deep relaxation. ![]() Useful in multiple genres of media including film, television and music. The regular whirr of a fan, the gentle patter of rain against the window or the constant buzz of a white noise machine are. Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Jake Halpern reveals webs of deception and dark underworlds, through interviews with federal agents and convicted criminals. SeptemDescription: Sound of thunder and rain.Add rain sounds and youll drift off to sleep in no. Deep Cover is a show about people who lead double lives. Sleeping to thunderstorm sounds is a relaxing and soothing way to fall asleep and lower stress and anxiety. ![]() ![]() The speed and convenience of live chat makes it an excellent customer service tool – customers can get their queries resolved quickly and easily, without having to search for support contact details or fill out lengthy forms. No more searching for support email forms or searching through the company website. Once it’s installed, you can start interacting with customers right away, helping to close more deals.Ī chat window is a box that pops up on websites offering direct communication with customer service representatives. This is because it’s faster and provides more of a direct line.Īdding live chat to a site is easy, and can be done in just a few minutes. While social media is often used by businesses to provide customer service, most prefer to use live chat. Today’s customers expect fast response times and instant support. So if you want to hang on to your existing customers, make sure you give them the best service you can.ĩ5% of consumers say that customer service is important to them and that it affects their brand loyalty. A recent survey by Microsoft has proven that there is a strong link between providing excellent customer service and customer loyalty. If you want great customer service, then you should definitely consider offering it via chat. They can do this by reaching out to a customer support team via various channels such as email, Facebook, and online chat. Most customers want to receive support as soon as possible. Why add Live Chat Software to your website? Offer quick solutions to customers through live online chat. They want you to take their problem seriously and find a solution. The important thing to remember here is that customers don’t want you to rush through solving their issue. This is much faster than waiting for an email response.Īnd one thing all website visitors love is a prompt response.ĭon’t let the speed of response fool you, 95% of customers value high quality support that can solve their problem. ![]() With live chat, you can get answers quickly. With online chat, on the other hand, you can often receive an answer within seconds. With other channels of communication, such as email or phone, it can take days to receive a response. ![]() One of the main reasons why people choose live-chat over other forms of customer support is the speed at which they receive a response. It’s often done through websites or messaging platforms like Facebook, Whatsapp, and text message. Live chat provides real-time support to customers and potential customers. The feature can be embedded on websites so that visitors can ask questions and receive answers right away. Live Chat is a customer service tool that lets companies provide instant, real-time support to customers. Here are the best live chat software for your website and the reasons you need them. This revolutionary technology allows you to communicate with customer service representatives in real time, without ever having to pick up the phone. But what if there was a better way? Introducing live chat software for your website! You know that it’s going to be a long process filled with hold music, transferred calls, and eventually getting someone on the line who can’t help you. ![]() If you’re like most people, you probably dread having to pick up the phone and call customer service. ![]() ![]() ![]() ( Update: As of 2019, nearly all Adobe professional software is now available only through a Creative Cloud subscription.)įirst let’s make sure we understand the two common types of software licenses for consumer single-user software. ![]() If you want Adobe software but you don’t want to pay a regular subscription fee, do you still have options? Depending on what you need, the answer is “maybe”…although as of 2017, the non-subscription options from Adobe are fewer than ever. Another problem is that customers won't be able to do anything with their files unless they pay the subscription fee.Īdobe plans to sell its CS6 suite "indefinitely," but the suite is a year old, doesn't include some newer titles such as Edge and Muse, and won't include the latest round of updates that will arrive in June.Īdobe's Creative Cloud subscription includes software, services, and tools for social networking and collaboration.The Adobe transition to a subscription-based business model has been successful by many measures, although it doesn’t meet everyone’s needs. Objections to the subscriptions plan focus chiefly on higher fees for those who don't upgrade often. Those cost $20 per month, though existing customers get a first-year discount of $10 per month. There also are discounts for students and teachers, who pay $30 per month, and for upgrading customers, who pay $30 per month for the first year.Īdobe also offers single-title subscriptions for individual programs. A Team version for customers with collaborating employees costs $70 per month for a full-year commitment. For those who want to pay for a single month, the cost is $80. The main Creative Cloud offering costs $50 per month for a full-year commitment. The subscription also includes various online services, including file storage and synchronization, Web site hosting, and membership in the Behance network where people can post portfolios on the Web. ![]() Senior Product Manager John Nack said Adobe is considering Creative Cloud changes so their files don't become completely inaccessible when their subscriptions end.Īdobe debuted the Creative Cloud a year ago and said customer response has been better than it expected.Īdobe forecasts steady growth in Creative Cloud subscriptions. It's conceivable Adobe could change course, and it's likely to at least tweak the subscription offer. The pushback against the CC pricing includes an online petition against the mandatory Creative Cloud subscription, which has drawn more than 11,000 signatories. A Jefferies follow-up with respondents to the second survey showed a willingness to continue the subscription despite the end of the one-year introductory price discount. Our year-ago survey showed more negative than positive views of Creative Cloud pricing, but a follow-up survey showed a favorable reception for Creative Cloud introductory pricing. But a storm of protest greeted the company's announcement that subscriptions would be the only way to get access to new versions of that software. Adobe's Blink AI Tool Makes Video Editing Look Like Word ProcessingĪ half million people already have signed up for Adobe's Creative Cloud, a $50-per-month subscription that grants access to Photoshop, Illustrator, After Effects, and everything else that formed its Creative Suite.Lightroom AI Finds People, Faces, Eyes for Faster Photo Editing.Amp Up Your Creative Skills With This Adobe Creative Cloud Training Bundle for Just $20.Chrome Banishes JPEG XL Photo Format That Could Save Phone Space.Galaxy S23 Phones Get Adobe's Pro-Level Lightroom Photo Editing Tool. ![]() ![]() ![]() The majority of us view Moontends to be a intentional game. The whole experience, this is definitely something to be expected for those who are looking to explore its offerings. Ant gravity is always entertaining (well it’s almost always you can count on the execution, naturally) and Deliver Us the Moon is no exception in this regard. The game takes over exploration and crossword, among other things is a fun aspect of the game is being placed in low or no gravity and having to explore the surroundings. With regards to gameplay, Death The Moon and its name might have thought about the concept behind it is that Deliver Us to the Moon will be about. The goal isn’t to determine what has is happening to the Earth but to find a fresh energy source that will be able to save Earth as well as the land it covers. Why? Moons were once controlled by the World Space Agency, and even though Earth has lost contact with the colony many years ago, it could be able to carry on the work of Earth’s recuperation from the destruction. You play as the final astronaut to be left on Earth and in a death-or-death mission that could decide the future of the entire world and humanity as a whole, you are sent into space. The Earth is at the edge of a global catastrophe and all of its resources are inaccessible. If you are playing it initially it’s heavily centered on narratives and stories. This is in contrast to other games where players miss the opportunity to ensure that the combat-heavy aspect isn’t becoming a recurring game. It is primarily focused on exploring and solving space puzzles, instead of trying to create new perspectives on the third and first-person perspectives recording their surroundings. Based on its name, it’s clearly a sci-fi adventure that takes place on the moon but what else is it do? Deliver Us the Moon is a puzzle-based adventure game. If this is your first time to playDliver Us the Moon, you may not be aware of what it’s all about. DIABLO IMMORTAL PC REVIEW GIVES YOU A WHALINGĪs we get closer for Marslaunch, KeokeN Interactive is making the game available to current-gen consoles, hoping to enhance the experience using the newer and more powerful gaming hardware on the PS5 or Xbox X/S.Since the relaunch of PC in 2019, Deliver Us The Moon has garnered lots of positive feedback from critics and fans alike. ![]() However, it is in progress which means that there’s some remaining life within the game. “Bringing Deliver Us The Moon to the Cloud is only the start of our interstellar adventures this year.” Said Koen Deetman, CEO at KeokeN Interactive.KeokeN Interactive is extremely involved in the development of Deliver Us Mars. “We are thrilled to bring this title to Google Stadia ahead of its release for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X|S later this year.” “We are pleased to continue on our out-of-this-world journey with the team at KeokeN Interactive as we bring Deliver Us The Moon to more players across every platform,” Said Neil Broadhead, Head of Marketing at Wired Productions. More information on these versions will also follow in the run-up to release. If you’ve already experienced the epic adventure on PS4, Xbox One, or PC, there’s a new version coming out later this year for PS5 and Xbox Series X|S with next-gen enhancements. A release date will likely follow in the coming weeks. There’s no solid release date yet for Deliver Us The Moon on Stadia, just an April 2022 release window. You can play on your TV, PC, laptop, tablet, phone, and even Xbox via the in-built browser.ĭeliver Us The Moon has already been out for a while on PS4, Xbox One, and PC, but now the hit thriller will be playable on just about any screen with Google Stadia.ĭeliver Us The Moon takes place in the near future where Earth’s natural resources have run out and it’s your job to suit up, blast off to the moon, and save humanity through a gripping tale of survival and wit. If you’re not familiar with Stadia, it’s Google’s cloud gaming platform that enables you to play games via the power of the cloud. Wired Productions and KeokeN Interactive have announced that they’ll be bringing the touching sci-fi thriller Deliver Us The Moon to Google’s Stadia cloud gaming platform next month. ![]() ![]() And although the trail follows an abandoned railway track, where bikes don’t compete with cars, there are still intersections with roads. It hasn’t all been linear progress, notes Kuhlmeyer, who is still fighting with the city over bollards in dangerous places there are still a couple on the Burke-Gilman trail near his office, for example. Seattle’s four-year bike master plan has funds to add 100 miles of protected bike lanes and drive educational campaigns to encourage people to get out of cars. The city also has 163 miles of painted bike lanes. Seattle has made 80 percent of its COVID slow streets permanent, adding 20 miles of car-free space to its 73 miles of protected bike lanes. See also How the "World's Most Sustainable Car Audio" Technology Can Help Make Vehicles Carbon Neutral “Seattle had immunity to these kinds of suits, and I was too young and dumb not to know it,” says Kuhlmeyer. They met at a ukulele class, and she said two other attorneys told her she didn’t have a case. In many of his cases representing injured bicyclists, Sean Kuhlmeyer says that drivers explain the accident with some variation of “they just came out of nowhere.” ![]() He hit the ground headfirst and lost 15 IQ points permanently, Kuhlmeyer says. Kuhlmeyer moved his practice 10 years ago to Ballard, along the way his first case related to the bicycle was that of a cyclist who crashed into a metal bollard that the municipality left in the middle of a path. The Burke-Gilman Trail begins in the Ballard district of Seattle, runs roughly east-west through the main campus of the University of Washington, and then heads north into the suburbs. ![]() Kuhlmeyer does some family law, but makes a living primarily with two-wheeled cases, a reminder that life on a bike will never be 100 percent injury-free. Build the infrastructure, make people feel safe, and an alternative to autocentric cities could emerge, even in a city where the weather is downright lousy for bicycling several months of the year. His office door opens onto the 20-mile Burke-Gilman Trail and, along with other businesses like a coffee shop and tuning shop and a brewery with ample bike parking, sends a message San Francisco needs to heed. He also hangs his clapboard, a sandwich whiteboard, on the busiest bike path in Emerald City. It is not just the decoration that makes Kuhlmeyer’s practice unique. Subscribe to our free newsletter delivered every week with new stories, notes, photos and updates from around the city. “This guy was rear-ended by a Harley,” says Kuhlmeyer, pointing to a bent tire that was once on a blue bike. None are in a condition to circulate anymore. In his small Seattle office, half a dozen bikes or parts are suspended from the ceiling. That’s Kuhlmeyer’s self-proclaimed title: he’s got the T-shirts and signs to prove it, but he’s also got more shadowy artifacts. In the meantime, there’s someone else the mayor should know about, and it’s only a two-hour flight away: Sean Kuhlmeyer, a Seattle bike lawyer. SF transit officials promised to come up with a grand plan to link slow streets to the city’s expanding bike network, but the plan and a large hearing have been delayed more than once and now there is no scheduled date. “It definitely makes us nervous,” said Molly Hayden, an administrator for various slow streets. We rely on your tax-deductible donation to pay for great writers like Kristi Coale and provide independent views, voices, and stories.ĭid the mayor get the message? That’s what advocates wondered after their recent intervention to downgrade SF’s slow-moving Lake Street. ![]() 100% science fiction journalism, for the entire city. ![]() ![]() Dragon, a reptilian monster sharing similar hybrid, flying and fire-breathing traits.Chimaera, genus of fish named after the mythical creature.Anzû (older reading: Zû), a Mesopotamian monster.Virgil, in the Aeneid (book 5) employs Chimaera for the name of a gigantic ship of Gyas in the ship-race, with possible allegorical significance in contemporary Roman politics. The myths of the Chimera may be found in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus (book 1), the Iliad (book 16) by Homer, the Fabulae 57 and 151 by Hyginus, the Metamorphoses (book VI 339 by Ovid IX 648), and the Theogony 319ff by Hesiod. They were depicted with a human face and a scaly tail, as in Dante's vision of Geryon in Inferno xvii.7–17, 25–27, hybrid monsters, more akin to the Manticore of Pliny's Natural History (viii.90), provided iconic representations of hypocrisy and fraud well into the seventeenth century through a symbolic representation in Cesare Ripa's Iconologia. Īlthough the Chimera of antiquity was forgotten in Medieval art, chimerical figures appear as embodiments of the deceptive, even satanic forces of raw nature. It is not known what the Indus people called the Chimera. There are different kinds of Chimera composed of animals from the Indian subcontinent. In Indus civilization are pictures of the Chimera in many seals. The Chimera appears in Etruscan wall paintings of the fourth century BC. In Etruscan civilization, the Chimera appears in the Orientalizing period that precedes Etruscan Archaic art. As the divine mother, and more especially as protector, for Lower Egypt, Bast became strongly associated with Wadjet, the patron goddess of Lower Egypt. Sekhmet was one of the dominant deities in upper Egypt and Bast in lower Egypt. The lioness represented the war goddess and protector of both cultures that would unite as Ancient Egypt. Gold reel, possibly an ear-stud, with a winged Pegasus (outer band) and the Chimera (inner band), Magna Graecia or Etruria, fourth century BC ( Louvre)Ī fire-breathing lioness was one of the earliest solar and war deities in Ancient Egypt (representations from 3000 years prior to the Greeks), and influences are feasible. Two vase painters employed the motif so consistently they were given the pseudonyms the Bellerophon Painter and the Chimaera Painter. A separate Attic tradition, where the goats breathe fire and the animal's rear is serpentine, begins with such confidence that Marilyn Low Schmitt is convinced there must be unrecognized or undiscovered local precursors. The fascination with the monstrous devolved by the end of the seventh century into a decorative Chimera motif in Corinth, while the motif of Bellerophon on Pegasus took on a separate existence alone. After some early hesitation, the Corinthian type was fixed in the 670s BC the variations in the pictorial representations suggest multiple origins to Marilyn Low Schmitt. The Chimera first appeared early in the repertory of the proto-Corinthian pottery painters, providing some of the earliest identifiable mythological scenes that may be recognized in Greek art. An autonomous tradition that did not rely on the written word was represented in the visual repertory of the Greek vase painters. But the hero mounted his winged horse Pegasus (which had sprung from the blood of the Medusa) "and soaring on high shot down the Chimera from the height." Iconography Īlthough the Chimera was, according to Homer, situated in foreign Lycia, her representation in the arts was wholly Greek. Iobates, the king of Lycia, had ordered Bellerophon to kill the Chimera (who had been killing cattle and had "devastated the country") since he thought that the Chimera would instead kill Bellerophon, "for it was more than a match for many, let alone one". Īpollodorus gave a more complete account of the story. Hesiod adds that Bellerophon had help in killing the Chimera, saying, "her did Pegasus and noble Bellerophon slay". Still, the hero, "trusting in the signs of the gods", succeeded in killing the Chimera. As told in the Iliad, the hero Bellerophon was ordered by the king of Lycia to slay the Chimera (hoping the monster would kill Bellerophon). ![]() Bellerophon riding Pegasus and slaying the Chimera, central medallion of a Roman mosaic from Autun, Musée Rolin, 2nd to 3rd century ADĪccording to Homer, the Chimera, who was reared by Araisodarus (the father of Atymnius and Maris, Trojan warriors killed by Nestor's sons Antilochus and Trasymedes), was "a bane to many men". ![]() ![]() ![]() This has been a long-standing pre-occupation that has seen compounds used as solvents, such as benzene, Footnote 4 carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride, first used and then substituted as new substances became available which were more efficacious or less hazardous. The environmental and other consequences that arise from the large-scale use of solvents highlight the need to reconcile their usefulness with the minimisation of their impact. Would these criteria be the same or different if one were to consider different types of solvent, such as one used as a paint stripper or nail-varnish remover or a shampoo rather than a floor cleaner? And, would the priority given to one criterion over another also be different, depending on how it was used?, Footnote 2, Footnote 3 ![]() Would one be prepared to pay more for an ‘excellent’ cleaning outcome compared with an ‘acceptable’ outcome? Or, should it be based on the environmental impact of the product, and would one be prepared to accept an inferior cleaning outcome if the product was (however judged) more environmentally benign? How should one address the overall acceptability of such diverse products? Should they primarily be judged on the basis of the efficacy of the cleaning process (and how would one judge that?) or the cost-effectiveness of the product in bringing about the desired effect. Is the ‘solvent’ in this context the entire composition, or one (or all) of the liquid components? It is not surprising, therefore, that products designed for this purpose are formulations containing several components (some liquid, some solid) each designed to fulfil a particular additional function, such as wetting, penetration or dispersion (or even making the product smell nice), and not simply dissolution. Recent work, also discussed in “ Solvent selection and design: empirical database and computational methods” section, has sought to incorporate toxicological and environmental characteristics into such screening.Įveryday use of solvents, such as in washing dishes or in cleaning the floor, involves the dissolution (or removal in some other way) of a complex mixture of materials, some adhering to the surface to be cleaned with varying degrees of tenacity. Tables of such data are now available to guide the screening of the large number of possible solvents for those most likely (singly or in combination) to dissolve a solute of choice. This empirical idea has been refined and extended (Barton 1991) (and will be discussed further in “ Solvent selection and design: empirical database and computational methods” section) so that certain molecule-specific properties (such as polarisability, dipolarity, hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor ability) can be put into numerical form as ‘solubility parameters’ (Hansen 1969) or, latterly, as ‘solvatochromic parameters’ (Marcus 1993 Kamlet et al. A polar material, like common salt, sodium chloride, is more likely to dissolve in a polar solvent, like water, than in a non-polar solvent, like hexane. The simplest and oldest rule of thumb is that ‘ like dissolves like’. Precisely which solvent will dissolve which solute and which solute will dissolve in which solvent (and why) are determined by a delicate balance of a range of factors that include the differing nature and relative strengths of inter-molecular forces in the pure solute and solvent and interactions between molecules of the solute and solvent (coupled with entropic factors governing the overall process of solute + solvent → solution). Solvents used as media for chemical reactions have a profound effect on both the thermodynamics and kinetics of physical and chemical processes (Buncel et al. ![]() ![]() Solvation encompasses all types of inter-molecular interaction, such as van der Waals bonding, ionic/dipolar interactions, hydrogen bonding and charge transfer. The chemistry of solutions and solvents, therefore, is of interest in its own right (Reichardt and Welton 2010), being of wide chemical relevance, encompassing phase behaviour and the nature of solids, liquids and gases and the properties of mixtures of mainly liquids and solids. But what is a solution? What is a solvent or a solute? What is the difference between a solution and a suspension, or a dispersion, a gel or a slurry? Solvency, solvents and solutions are part of everyday life, from making a cup of coffee (and putting sweetener in it and washing the cup afterwards) to washing one’s hair in the shower, from applying and removing nail varnish to rinsing an apple under the tap before eating it, from applying a coat of paint to taking a soluble pain killer for a headache. ![]() |
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